Steel Buildings Structural Framing

4.1 GENERAL

4.1.1 All framing members shall be shop fabricated for field bolted assembly. The surfaces of the bolted connections shall be smooth and free from burrs and distortions.

4.1.2 All shop connections shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's standard steel buildings design practices as specified in section (2.1.1).

4.1.3 All framing members shall carry an identifying mark.

4.2 PRIMARY FRAMING

4.2.1 Rigid frames shall be welded, built up "I" sections. The flanges shall be connected to webs by means of a continuous fillet weld on one side.

4.2.2 Endwall frames shall be cold formed "C" sections, mill hot rolled sections or built up sections.

4.2.3 Plates and stiffeners shall be factory welded into place.

4.2.4 Bolt holes shall be provided in all base plates, splice plates, webs and flanges.

4.2.5 Pre-welded chips are used to connect primary framing to secondary framing.

4.3 SECONDARY FRAMING

4.3.1 Purlins and girts shall be cold-formed "Z" or "C" sections with stiffened flanges. They shall be pre-punched for web field bolting to primary framing. Design shall be simple or continuous span as required.

4.3.2 Eave struts shall be unequal flange cold-formed "C" sections.

4.3.3 Base angle is provided to attach wall panels to the perimeter of the concrete slab. The base angle shall be secured to the concrete slab with expansion bolts or equivalent anchors.

4.4 BRACING

4.4.1 Diagonal bracing in the roof and walls shall be used to remove longitudinal loads from the structure. This bracing shall be furnished to length and equipped with level washers and nuts at each end. It may consist of threaded rod or galvanized cable. If load requirements dictate, bracing may be a bolted in place structure angle or pipe.

4.4.2 Flange braces shall be provided for lateral bracing of secondary framing and the compression flange of primary framing.

4.4.3 Special bracing, rigid frame type portal fixed base column is used in the sidewall when diagonal bracing is not permitted.